Saturday, June 5, 2010

Kreis, Steven. Lecture 3: The Protestant Reformation. The History Guide: Lectures on Early Modern European History, 6th June, 1999. Web. 3rd August, 2

Part of a lecture series that served as the basis for an upper division European Intellectual History and Western Civilization classes at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton and Davie, Florida and Meredith College in Raleigh, North Carolina, these pages detail the many changes happening in Europe during the 16th century, especially how they relate to religion. The author discusses in great detail the life and influential acts of Martin Luther spanning from the raising of him from a child to the reasons he felt the church needed a change and what he went through because of the demonstrations he made publically against the doctrine and practice of the church. Also discussed are the belief system created by John Calvin and how both figures had a deep impact on the reformation and religion as we see it today. The page ends with a statement about how Lutheranism spread widely across Scandinavia and Germany, but Calvinism had a deeper impact across all of Europe.

King Henry VIII: Biography, Portraits. Web. 5th June, 2010, [http://www.englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/henry8.html].

A website for good information, this address will also give a person the ability to choose from a list of pictures of Henry VIII and his wives and children, as well as a nice quiz at the end to test your knowledge of the impetuous monarch. It goes through facts on a purely chronological sense, detailing the different people and the events they had to do with before going to the next set of event. It is a concise version taken from several sources, all of which are available for viewing upon clicking the sources link.

Kilkenny, Niall. Life and Times of King Henry VIII, 29th May 2010. Web. 5th June, 2010, [http://www.reformation.org/king-henry8.html].

This is another interesting website with plenty of great facts about the many influential people during the exciting period of reformation England. as opposed to centering on only Henry VIII, this website gives a lot of details about his queens and their thoughts and feelings that swayed the decisions of the king, including good stuff about Queen Anne Boleyn who supported the Protestant cause and gave the king a book by William Tyndale entitled The Obedience of a Christian Man, although Tyndale had lost favor in the church because of his translation of the New Testament into English. The website clearly states the religious swinging back and forth the English people had to deal with from one queen to another, from Catherin of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, and other wives of Henry VII, and on through the reign of the very Catholic Mary and ending with a tolerant Elizabeth I.

Hooker, Richard. Protestant England. Reformation: Protestant England, 6th June, 1999. Web. 5th June, 2010, [http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/REFORM/ENGLAND.HTM

This website, although quite brief, does give some good thoughts on the progress of the Protestant reformation in England during the reign of King Henry VIII and then later monarchs after his death. It was authored for an internet classroom and anthology class about world civilizations at Washington State University. It includes facts about how the king was influenced by such people as Cardinal Wolsey, Thomas Cromwell, and Thomas Cranmer in his search for a new church that was more politically and personally based than religiously. It details the struggle Henry had with the Catholic Church throughout his reign, beginning with the matter of his desire to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon in order to marry Anne Boleyn. The site also offers links to the Counter-Reformation as a follow up.

Trueman, Chris. The Reformation. History Learning Site, 2nd May, 2010. Web. 5th June, 2010, [http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/reformation.htm].

This in an informative website while being simple and easy enough to read quickly. It has many facts about the reign of Henry VIII and how he directly and indirectly influenced the Protestant Reformation. It goes into good information about the reactions that the Catholic Church had to the changes Henry put into affect over his land and his new church, talking about the ways the church even tried to appease the king in some ways, trying to strike up compromises to no avail. The steps taken to completely sever ties with Rome are spelled out on this website in an easy to read fashion. The author, Chris Trueman, who has a BA in history with honors from Aberystwyth University in Wales and later an MA in management from Brighton University, decided in 2000 to create this website out of a feeling that there was no easily accessible and comprehensive website on World History on the web. All of the writings on these pages were done by the author himself from the knowledge he has accumulated over the years while teaching history and American and British politics.

Simkin, John. Henry VIII Biography. Spartacus Educational, 25th May, 2010. Web. 5th June, 2010, [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUDhenry8.htm].

The author, John Simkin, studied at Open University, a school for quality education for everyone which is incorporated by Royal Charter in the United Kingdom. He became intrigued by the concept of active learning, and since he began his history teaching career in 1978, he has been utilizing active teaching techniques. This website is another way he helps students with active learning, and he has also created computer programs for education as well as writing several history books, such as Ghandi, The Roman Empire, and Making of the United Kingdom.

This webpage has interactive links that can be chosen to connect the user to even more in depth information on the subject matter. That being said, the site dedicated to the late great King Henry VIII is quite comprehensive all on its own. It includes a full, yet concisely written biography of the famous king, from hereditary links to birth through to ascension, marriage, and several remarriages, not to mention wars and the monumental separation for the Catholic Church. When necessary to find more facts about one of the other many important people involved with this monarch or many events that happened during his time, appropriate links take a user to more information, as well as options, such as books, so a user could go look for more facts such, making this a well rounded and interesting source.

Witte Jr., John. “PROPHETS, PRIESTS, AND KINGS: JOHN MILTON AND THE REFORMATION OF RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES IN ENGLAND”. Emory Law Journal Vol. 57 Issue 6

This article concentrates on the reformation in a new way, not just in a religious light of the Protestants desire to reform the ways the Christian faith was practiced, but also a full reform of domestic and civil rights and liberties in early modern England centering on the contributions to this cause that were made by an English poet named John Milton. It calls attention to the main events and writings of those encouraging the goal of change in society in England as well as Milton's part in the event. Moreover, it also discusses on how a group of protestants inspired by the teachings of John Calvin developed a theory of fundamental rights which later on helped to inspire and then appears in the American Bill of Rights. This article gives a direct connection between the reformation movement and the ways that the laws of the United States are instituted and enforced. The author, John Witte, Jr., earns his credentials in this area through his study of law and then later employment as the Professor of Law and Director of the Center for the Study of Law and Religion at the Emory University.